Peyote (Lophophora williamsii)
Lophophora williamsii
Western Herbalism
Western Herbalism

Peyote

Lophophora williamsii

Also known as Anhalonium, Anhalonium lewinii, mescal button, dry whiskey, Anhalonium lewini, Peyote This agent, one of the small cacti of Mexico.

CoolingdryingTaste: Bitter

Lophophora williamsii is a small, spineless, blue-green cactus native to the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico and the lower Rio Grande valley of Texas. The exposed crown, called the button, is cut, dried, and either chewed or made into decoctions or tinctures; it is the plant part traditionally used both medicinally and ceremonially. It is sacred to several indigenous peoples of Mexico and the American Southwest and is the central sacrament of the Native American Church. Late nineteenth century eclectic physicians, working under the name Anhalonium or Anhalonium lewinii, investigated it briefly as a cardiac and nervous sedative before its psychoactive properties led to its abandonment in conventional practice and eventual legal restriction.

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Cardiac sedative (historical)CNS depressant at high doseHallucinogenMild analgesicAntispasmodicBradycardic agentSympatholyticEntheogen in ceremonial use

Indications what the tradition reached for it in

Specific indications

Feeble, irregular, intermittent pulse with anxiety and shortness of breath, historically likened to a milder aconite-then-belladonna pattern

Nervous depletion with insomnia and failing mental power in those exhausted by prolonged stress or heavy tobacco use

Safety

Recognised toxicity. This plant carries a toxicity flag in the record; it is for trained practitioners only.

Low dose botanical. Used in drop doses in the classical practice; not a plant to dose freely.

Pregnancy: Avoid entirely: no safety data exist and mescaline is a potent psychoactive alkaloid with unknown fetal effects.

Breastfeeding: Avoid entirely: mescaline is expected to pass into breast milk and infant exposure to a hallucinogenic alkaloid is unacceptable.

The record lists 6 contraindications; open the plate in the library to read them in full.

In practice

The eclectic literature describes anhalonium as acting on the heart somewhat like aconite at first, slowing and steadying a feeble or irregular pulse, then passing into a phase resembling belladonna with pupil dilation and altered perception, followed by drowsiness.

Dosing as the sources wrote it

PreparationAs writtenMetric
Historical tincture (eclectic use, not currently recommended)1-5 drops of 1:10 tincture, historical dose, not for modern prescribing0.02-0.1 mL
Ceremonial useVariable, governed by religious and ceremonial practice, not a clinical dose

Doses are reproduced from the sources for practitioners and are not a recommendation for any person.

From the sources

Overview. Lophophora williamsii is a small, spineless, blue-green cactus native to the Chihuahuan Desert of northern Mexico and the lower Rio Grande valley of Texas. The exposed crown, called the button, is cut, dried, and either chewed or made into decoctions or tinctures; it is the plant part traditionally used both medicinally and ceremonially.

Clinical Notes. The eclectic literature describes anhalonium as acting on the heart somewhat like aconite at first, slowing and steadying a feeble or irregular pulse, then passing into a phase resembling belladonna with pupil dilation and altered perception, followed by drowsiness.

Conservation. Wild populations of Lophophora williamsii in Texas and northern Mexico are considered vulnerable to overharvesting because the plant grows extremely slowly and takes many years to reach a harvestable size; sustainable ceremonial supply is an active conservation concern.

Synonyms. Anhalonium lewini, Peyote This agent, one of the small cacti of Mexico, has been recommended for certain special conditions as an important heart remedy. It seems to act directly upon the nerve centers in a manner much like aconite, reducing the force and frequency of the pulse.

Drawn from Ellingwood's American Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacognosy, and the Bountiful Herbs editorial.

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